add the text abstract I wrote for submission

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Gabriel Scherer 3 years ago
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The [Inferno](https://gitlab.inria.fr/fpottier/inferno) library uses an
applicative functor `'a co` to represent constraint-based
inference problems that elaborate into explicitly-typed term
representations. A central operation of the Inferno API is the
`exist` quantifier, which generates a fresh inference
variable scoped in an existential constraint. `exist`
returns the result of solving the constraint, as well as the
elaborated type inferred for the inference variable:
```
val exist : (variable -> 'a co) -> ('a * ty) co
```
We found that programming with this interface is difficult and leads
to program that are hard to read. The difficulty is specific to
applicative functors, there would be standard solutions with a monad.
We report on our API design work to solve this issue. We start by
explaining the programming difficulties and why the Inferno
functor is not a monad, then a first experiment with a codensity
monad, and finally a simpler solution that avoids mixing several
functors in the same codebase. Our approach makes good use of
the "binding operators" recently introduced in OCaml to provide
flexible syntactic sugar for monad or applicative-like structures.
We believe that the API design pattern we propose, "turning direct
outputs into modal inputs", may apply to any applicative functors
with quantifiers. It may already be in use, and its discussion may
benefit other projects. Experience sharing with the ML Workshop
audience could be very valuable.
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